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内容简介
20世纪80年代研究发现，合金的组分金属如果严格按黄金比值配比的话，如Al65 Cu20 F15 ，那么从液态逐步冷却到固态过程中就会产生稳定的准晶体。准晶体不同于严格的金属晶体和玻璃体，它具有自身奇特的性质，因此具有广阔的应用前景。《有用的准晶体》就是作者在总结研究前沿的应用成果的基础上写成的。全书共分五章：第一章主要讲述准晶体同晶体和玻璃体的区别；第二、第三章分别介绍准晶体的电子特性和原子迁移本领，热输运和表面特性分别是两章的讲述重点。这两章的主要论点在于阐释准晶体的奇异特性无法用金属理论和合金理论解释的原因。第四章主要介绍准晶体的相形变、样品的制备和规模生产的途径。第五章集中讲述准晶体的现有应用和潜在的应用前景。 序言之后及各章末尾都列出参考文献，为读者希望深入研究提供帮助。全书末尾，作者在“结束语——美梦还未成真”中，概括了准晶体的研究历史和现状，明确了未来的研究方向，对读者具有很好的指导作用。
目录
TABLE of CONTENTS
Foreword The Golden Mean and the Kitchen
General References
Chapter 1 What to Know to Start with
1 Introduction
2 Classical and Non-Classical Crystals
3 The Reciprocal Space
4 The Search for Enhanced Mechanical Properties
5 The Birth of a Monster
6 The Quarrel of Ancients and Modems
7 The World of Quasicrystals
8 Recovering the Periodicity
9 Organised Disorder： the Phasons
10 From Tilings to Coverings
References
Chapter 2 Strange Physical Properties
1 Introduction
2 Basics of metal Physics， in Very Simple Words
2.1 Electron Transport in metallic Crystals
2.2 Electron Bands
2.3 The Hume-Rothery Rules in Crystals
3 Electronic Transport in Quasicrystals
3.1 Phenomenological Data
3.2 An Insulator Made of metals
3.3 Quantum Interference Effects
3.4 Variable Range Hopping
3.5 Hierarchical Recurrent Localization
3.6 Optical Properties
3.7 Another Step Towards a Model of Electronic Conductivity
4 Electron Densities of States
4.1 Pseudogap and Relevant Experimental Information
4.2 The Hume-Rothery Gap in Related Crystals
4.3 Surface Electronic States
4.4 A Bit More about d-states and the Role of Transition metals
4.5 Enhanced Stability of Quasicrystals and Approximants
5 Lattice Dynamics and Thermal Conductivity
5.1 Lattice Vibrations in Icosahedral Mono-Domain Samples
5.2 Heat Conduction
5.3 Structural Scattering of Phonons
5.4 Electronic Contribution to Heat Transport
6 Magnetism
References
Chapter 3 When Atoms Move Away
1 Introduction
2 Brittle Intermetallics that End into Chewing-Gum
2.1 Hardness， Brittleness and Low Friction
2.2 Plastic Behaviour at Elevated Temperature
2.3 The Role of Dislocations
2.4 Behind Dislocations， Cluster Friction
3 Non-Conventional Surfaces
3.1 Rough and Flat Surfaces
3.2 Static Friction on Clean Surfaces
4 Oxidation Behaviour
4.1 Dependence on Oxidizing Environment
4.2 Kinetics and Temperature Dependence
5 Atomic Mobility
5.1 Atomic Transport in Normal Crystals
5.2 Diffusion in Icosahedral Quasicrystals
5.3 Phason Assisted Diffusion
5.4 Atomic Jumps
References
Chapter 4 Preparation and Mass Production
1 Introduction
2 Phase Selection
3 The Multitude of Approximants
3.1 Crystals and Approximants in the A1-Cu-Fe-Cr System
3.2 B2-based Approximants in Relation to Quasicrystals
4 Phase Diagrams
4.1 Growth from the Liquid State
4.2 Equilibrium Phase-Diagram Data
5 Phase Transformations
5.1 Order-Disorder Transitions
5.2 Phason-Driven Transitions
5.3 Pressure-Induced Transitions
5.4 Surface Transformations
6 Preparation in the Laboratory
6.1 Out-of-Equilibrium Methods
6.2 Mono-Domain Samples
6.3 The Nightmare of Growing a Stable Quasicrystal
6.4 Sintering
7 The Thick Coatings Route
7.1 Thermal Spraying v