母语者与学习者英汉语韵律发声研究

内容简介

本书从信号处理角度依照语音学及音系学原理开展声学实验，考察了汉语、英语母语者和学习者对这两种语言的跨语双向韵律实现策略。研究通过嗓音证据和呼吸模式的量化描述，有力地揭示了母语者和学习者汉英语窄焦点和节奏这两个韵律特征实际的运作规律。

目录

Foreword
Contents
1  Introduction
    1.1  Research purposes
    1.2  The importance of studying Learners' L2 as a system
    1.3  The rare but vital phonation studies for prosody researches
    1.4  Organization
2  Speech prosody
    2.1  Prosody
    2.2  Phonological vs. phonetic perspective
    2.3  English vs. Chinese prosody
    2.4  English prosody
    2.5  Chinese prosody
    2.5.1  Tone
    2.5.2  Intonation
    2.6  Interaction
    2.7  Tone and pitch value
    2.8  Narrow focus
    2.9  Conclusion
3  Phonation studies for speech prosody
    3.1  Universal vs. individual phonatory features
    3.2  Phonation studies of L1 and L2
    3.3  The physiological nature ofphonation
    3.3.1  Introduction
    3.3.2  Voicing mechanism
    3.3.3  Research methods
4  EGG
    4.1  Working principle
    4.2  Parameters.
    4.2.1  Four basic acoustic parameters of phonetics and their acoustic and psychological
    counterparts
    4.2.2  f0, OQ and SQ
    4.3  Hardware
5  The phonation studies on narrow focus Syllable "/a//C_ (C)"of Chinese and English L1 and L2 speakers
    5.1  Narrow focus in prosody
    5.2  Traditional studies
    5.3  Focus versus voice
    5.4  Experiment
    5.4.1  Introduction
    5.4.2  Method
    5.4.2.1  EGG
    5.4.3  Parameters
    5.4.4  Participants
    5.4.5  Materials
    5.4.6  Procedure
    5.4.7  Results
    5.4.8  Chinese material data analysis & discussion
    5.4.8.1  fo
    5.4.8.1.1  Symmetry on asymmetry
    5.4.8.1.2  Different absolute fo change, proportionate change at sex levels..
    5.4.8.1.3  fo contrast paradox
    5.4.8.2  OQ
    5.4.8.2.1  Male vs. female speakers
    5.4.8.2.2  Chinese vs. American speakers
    5.4.8.2.3  Growth of males' OQ
    5.4.8.3  SQ
    5.4.8.3.1  Male

摘要与插图

1.3 The rare but vital phonation studies for prosody researches
　　Since prosody takes the form of suprasegmental features，pitch，duration and intensityare widely investigated．Nowadays most phonetic researches are based on theseacoustic parameters to develop various prosodic models for teaching and voicesynthesis applications．Howeveg some synthesized voices based on these models arefar from satisfactory．If you have ever wached Star Wars，you will be impressed bythose dark warriors’voice．That iS the SO—called“machine voice”because no humanvoice j itter feature is added．Physiological parameters will be probed into for a morenatural voice synthesis outcome．
　　The renowned“source—filter theory”view speech production as a source and filtermodel(Fant 1 960)．Source refers to the glottis signal，which is generated by thevibration of vocal folds，after being“filtered’’and resonated by oral cavity wheretongue position differs，sometimes together with nasal cavity resonance whenepiglottis is not fully shut，together with different openness and roundness of the lipshape，whether it is protruding or not，finally becomes our auditory signal．Theacoustic theory defines source(vocal folds’vibration as voice quality)，resonance(vocal tract shape with vowel quality)and radiation(1ip shape with a raise of highfrequency)．The following figure 1．3．1 shows a direct description of the wholeprocess．
　　……