AP心理学

内容简介

《AP心理学》一共包括14章和附录，附录中包括了AP心理学考试大纲内容、关于AP心理学考试、选择题样题、选择题答案和词汇表。《AP心理学》每一章都有知识概论和AP心理学考试大纲针对该章的主要考点及考试比例。AP心理学考试大纲内容部分列出了大纲的具体要求，并为考生讲解了如何解答选择题目和自由论答题目。本书了50道选择题，供考生学习参考，并为考生整理了心理学常用词汇，供考生打牢基础及查漏补缺使用。

目录

目录 
Chapter 1 History and Approaches 
第一章 心理学历史和学派 
Chapter 2 Research Methods 
第二章 研究方法 
Chapter 3 Biological bases of Behavior 
第三章 行为的生物学基础 
Chapter 4 Sensation and Perception 
第四章 感觉和知觉 
Chapter 5 States of Consciousness 
第五章 意识状态 
Chapter 6 Learning 
第六章 学习 
Chapter 7 Cognition 
第七章 认知 
Chapter 8 Motivation and Emotion 
第八章 动机和情绪 
Chapter 9 Developmental Psychology 
第九章 发育心理学 
Chapter 10 Personality 
第十章 人格 
Chapter 11 Intelligence 
第十一章 智力 
Chapter 12 Psychological Disorders 
第十二章 心理障碍 
Chapter 13 Treatment of Psychological Disorders 
第十三章 心理障碍治疗 
Chapter 14 Social Psychology 
第十四章 社会心理学 
Appendix 
附录 
AP Psychology Content Outline 
AP 心理学考试大纲内容 
The AP Psychology Exam 
关于 AP 心理学考试 
Sample Multiple-Choice Questions 
选择题样题 
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 
选择题答案 
Glossary 
词汇表 

摘要与插图

Chapter 1 History and Approaches 
第一章 心理学历史和学派 
SUMMARY OF THIS CHAPTER 
History and Approaches (2%~4%) 
Psychology has evolved markedly since its inception as a discipline in 1879. There have been significant changes in the theories that psychologists use to explain behavior and mental processes. In addition, the methodology of psychological research has expanded to include a diversity of approaches to data gathering. 
AP students in psychology should be able to do the following: 
a) Recognize how philosophical and physiological perspectives shaped the development of psychological thought. 
b) Describe and compare different theoretical approaches to explaining behavior: 
ⅰ. Structuralism, functionalism, and behaviorism in the early years; 
ⅱ. Gestalt, psychoanalytic/psychodynamic, and humanism emerging later; 
ⅲ. Evolutionary, biological, cognitive, and biopsychosocial as more contemporary approaches. 
c) Recognize the strengths and limitations of applying theories to explain behavior. 
d) Distinguish the different domains of psychology (e.g., biological, clinical, cognitive, counseling, developmental, educational, experimental, human factors, industrial–organizational, personality, psychometric, social). 
e) Identify major historical figures in psychology (e.g., Mary Whiton Calkins, Charles Darwin, Dorothea Dix, Sigmund Freud, G. Stanley Hall, William James, Ivan Pavlov, Jean Piaget, Carl Rogers, B. F. Skinner, Margaret Floy Washburn, John B. Watson, Wilhelm Wundt). 
Edited from AP psychology description by the College Board 
本章重点介绍两个方面的内容，其一是心理学派，其二是心理学观点。重点掌握学派理论及其代表人物。了解各心理学观点对人行为的解释和心理学的研究对象。 
1. HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY 心理学历史 
心理学派主要分为五大学派，见Fig 1.1：（1）内省（introspection)；（2）完形心理学（gestalt psychology）；（3）心理分析（psychoanalysis）；（4） 行为主义（behaviorism）；（5）多元观点（multiple perspectives）。 
(1) Wave one—Introspection 学派之一——内省 
Introspective theories were important in establishing the science of psychology, but they do not significantly influence current psychological thinking.内省理论对建立心理学科学来说是很重要的，但未能显著影响现代心理思维。 
1) Structuralism结构主义 
The idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations.主张意识通过主观情感和客观感觉共同起作用。 
Structuralism is the analysis of the mind in terms of its basic elements. 
Exam tip: Wilhelm Wundt set up the first psychological laboratory at Leipzig, Germany. He created theory of structuralism and published the principles of psychology. 
2) Functionalism机能心理学 
The idea that psychologists study the functions of consciousness rather than its structure.&n